Cruise Ship Epidemics
Astrovirus - Astrovirus Gastroenteritis
Mild Form Of Rotavirus Enteritis
Astrovirus
The astroviruses are relatively new, having been discovered in 1975. Their name is derived from the appearance of a star in the center of the virus particle, when viewed at the right angle. Previous attempts at classification grouped astroviruses with caliciviruses, enteroviruses, parvoviruses, and parvo-like particles as small, round viruses (SRVs). The virion is small, 28-30 nm in diameter, with a spherical shape.
Astrovirus gastroenteritis is a relatively mild form of rotavirus enteritis. Symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain generally persist for only a few days. Complications are rare and serious cases are present when the patient, especially infants and the elderly, cannot replace the fluids lost through vomiting and diarrhea.
Outbreaks tend to occur where children are in close contact with one another, as in day-care centers, kindergarten, pediatric wards and is seen in adults and children on cruise ships.
Astrovirus 1 is spread predominantly through the fecal-oral route but can also be transmitted through contaminated food and water, and the sharing of eating utensils. It is endemic throughout the world, attacking frequently in the winter months.
After an incubation period of 1-4 days, mild gastroenteritis generally results from astrovirus infection, characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain lasting several days.
NOTE: Cases reported in this category only reflect those reported to the infirmary. Many passengers do not seek medical care aboard a ship, due to the high expense.
